纳米技术及其在生物医学中的应用

纳米技术和生物学相结合而形成的纳米生物学将是21世纪生命科学的重要组成部分；纳米技术和医学相结合形成的纳米医学必将大大改善医疗方法，提高治疗水平；被誉为21世纪制造技术的纳米技术将允许我们廉价地制造一些复杂的分子机器，也允许我们制造一些比细胞还要小很多的工具，利用这些工具我们可以更方便地来探究生命的奥秘。可以使医疗在细胞和分子水平上进行。也能够让我们以不可思议的细节来检查生物组织和器官。     

社区妇科炎性疾病的治疗过度与不足

妇科炎性疾病是社区医院妇科门诊的常见疾病,临床工作中存在诊断不确切或对诊治规范理解不透彻,或治疗药物的缺乏、方法的单一,而导致过度治疗和治疗不足。本文分析了妇科炎性疾病治疗过度和不足的原因,并提出了提高治疗效果的注意点。     

外伤性出血性视网膜脱离的手术疗效分析

目的探讨外伤性出血性视网膜脱离的手术方法及疗效。方法24例(24眼)外伤性出血性视网膜脱离行玻璃体视网膜手术,14例行120°~180°周边视网膜切开除血,4例辅助运用组织纤溶酶激活剂(tPA)视网膜下注射,6例行小孔状视网膜切开除血。结果术后视网膜解剖复位24例,复位率100.00%,术后视力20例不同程度提高,4例无改变;随访3~12月(平均6月)解剖复位20例,复位率83.33%。18例视力不同程度提高(75.00%),6例视力无改变。结论对外伤性出血性视网膜脱离应用玻璃体手术联合视网膜切开及切除术、tPA的辅助运用是有效的手术方法。     

脂多糖对离体大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞钙稳态的影响

目的:研究脂多糖(LPS)对胰腺腺泡细胞钙稳态的影响,及胞浆内钙超载时钙离子的来源,以探讨LPS致胰腺腺泡细胞损伤的机制。方法:胶原酶法分离胰腺腺泡细胞,Fluo-3/AM负载后,在无钙或含生理钙离子浓度的培养液中加入不同浓度LPS,采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察单个胰腺腺泡细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i。另外采用MTT法检测LPS作用的不同时间点胰腺腺泡细胞的活性。结果:LPS可致胰腺腺泡细胞损伤、细胞内[Ca~(2+)]_i显著升高,且呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05):在含1mmol/L依他酸的培养液中,LPS致腺泡细胞损伤程度明显减轻(P<0.05)、仅引起胰腺腺泡细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i缓慢、微弱的升高,而再次恢复培养液中Ca~(2+)至生理浓度,引发快速、幅度更高而持久的[Ca~(2+)]_i变化。腺泡细胞内[Ca~(2+)]_i的变化明显先于腺泡细胞的损伤。结论:LPS导致胰腺腺泡细胞内钙超载,主要源于胞外Ca~(2+)内流。钙超载作为早期的病理事件参与腺泡细胞损伤的发生,钙稳态失衡是LPS致胰腺细胞损伤的主要因素之一。     

Doxorubicin selectively suppresses mRNA expression and production of endothelin-1 in endothelial cells

Doxorubicin (DXR) is a widely used cytostatic agent, but its administration is limited by its cardiovascular side effects. The endothelium is one of the largest organs in the human body and due to its direct contact with blood; it is exposed to the toxic effects of DXR. The aim of this study was to investigate in endothelial cells the effects of DXR on the expression of genes involved in cardiovascular diseases. We used in vitro cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as a model; gene expression was assessed by SuperArray and qPCR. Out of the 96 representative genes of cardiovascular importance, the expression of only the ET-1 gene changed significantly. ET-1 mRNA expression was 10.9% of the untreated control (p = 0.0049). This result was confirmed by qPCR (2.41% of control, p = 0.0022). DXR also suppressed ET-1 production at protein level (p = 0.0116).Both the early decrease in endothelial ET-1 production in the presence of DXR and the high plasma level of DXR during chemotherapy may influence the toxic effects of the drug.     

Mechanisms for regulation of gastrin and somatostatin release from isolated rat stomach during gastric distention

AIM: To investigate the intragastric mechanisms forregulation of gastric neuroendocrine functions during gastricdistention in isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach.METHODS: Isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach wasprepared, then the gastric lumen was distended with either5,10 or 15 ml pH7 isotonic saline during a period of 20 min.During the distention, the axonal blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX),the cholinergic antagonist atropine, or the putativesomatostatin-antagonist cyclo [7-aminoheptanoyl-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr(Bzl)] were applied by vascular perfusion. Thereleases of gastrin and somatostatin were then examinedby radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: The graded gastricdistention caused a significantvolume-dependent decrease in gastrin secretion [-183±75 (5ml), -385±86 (10 ml) and -440±85 (15 ml) pg/20 min] and asignificant increase of somatostatin secretion [260±102 (5 ml),608±148 (10 ml) and 943±316 (15 ml) pg/20 min]. In responseto 10 ml distention, the infusion of either axonal blocker TTX(10-6 M) or cholinergic blocker atropine (10-7 M) had a similaraffect. They both attenuated the decrease of gastrin releaseby approximately 50 %, and attenuated the increase ofsomatostatin release by approximately 40 %. The infusion ofsomatostatin-antagonist cyclo [7-aminoheptanoyl-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr (Bzl)] (10-6M) attenuated the decrease of gastrin releaseby about 60 %. Furthermore, combined infusion of thesomatostatin-antagonist and atropine completely abolisheddistention-induced inhibition of gastrin release.CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that distention ofisolated rat stomach stimulates somatostatin release viacholinergic and non-cholinergic TTX-insensitive pathways. Bothsomatostatin and intrinsic cholinergic pathways are responsiblefor distention-induced inhibition of gastrin release.     

CT灌注技术在缺血性脑血管病血流重建手术中的应用研究

目的 探讨CT灌注在缺血性脑血管病血流重建手术中的应用价值以及如何进一步提高其检查结果的准确性和可靠性.方法 采用西门子sensation64螺旋CT,运用本研究总结出来的感兴趣区绘制办法,对2组实施血流重建手术的缺血性脑血管病患者在手术前后进行CT灌注检查,并采用本研究所归纳的CT灌注参数评价方法进行结果评价,再对手术前后的结果进行统计学分析.结果 每个患者均进行了合理准确的感兴趣区绘制,并半定量测定了手术前后的CT灌注参数.手术前2组病例责任血管供血区域血流灌注均降低,手术后均较术前改善,与患者临床症状体征的改变相符.结论 CT灌注对局部脑血流的评价结果是缺血性脑血管病血流重建前的重要手术指证;CT灌注对于缺血性脑血管病血流重建后的疗效评估很有价值;正确的绘制感兴趣区（ROI）对于保证CT灌注的准确性非常重要;计算患侧/健侧的相对值是评估CT灌注参数的主要方法.     

生物所某浆站废水处理排放系统改造问题探讨

对生物所某浆站污水处理排放系统存在排水量不满足排放要求的问题,经多次疏通处理,加大孔径后水质难以满足要求的情况进行分析,从理论上对出水水量进行了核实,并根据计算,推出了解决问题的办法,通过实际试验,满足了水质和水量的要求,并为以后的增容预留了足够的余量,解决了生产中的问题。     

枸杞多糖联合氟尿嘧啶对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的探讨枸杞多糖单独应用及与氟尿嘧啶联合应用于荷S180小鼠的抗肿瘤机制。方法小鼠右前侧腋窝接种S180肿瘤细胞,制造荷瘤小鼠模型。实验分为生理盐水组、氟尿嘧啶组、枸杞多糖高、中、低剂量组以及枸杞多糖加氟尿嘧啶组。实验结束后,检测各干预组脾指数、瘤重、肿瘤抑制率,MTT法检测淋巴细胞增殖反应、LDH检测NK细胞毒作用及中性红实验评估巨噬细胞吞噬能力,Griess法检测NO浓度,ELISA法测定TNF-α水平。结果枸杞多糖抑制荷S180小鼠肿瘤生长,刺激脾细胞增殖反应,提高NK细胞细胞毒效应以及巨噬细胞吞噬能力,刺激巨噬细胞NO分泌量,提高血清TNF-α水平。与氟尿嘧啶联合应用降低了氟尿嘧啶导致的免疫系统损伤。结论枸杞多糖可能是化疗药物的有效辅助药物。     

柳氮磺胺吡啶中一个杂质的结构测定

在对我公司生产的柳氮磺胺吡啶原料药进行杂质研究时,分离提纯到一个未知杂质,并根据质谱(MS)和核磁共振(NMR)数据确定了其结构为双{4-[(2-亚氨基吡啶-1(2H)-基)磺酰]苯基}胺。